A consideration of the principles and practice that underpin the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current framework relates to young childrens needs and interests The WritePass Journal

A thought of the standards and practice that support the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current structure identifies with youthful childrens needs and interests Presentation A thought of the standards and practice that support the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current structure identifies with youthful childrens needs and interests ) construes that such a methodology could have positive longitudinal ramifications for the youngster, including improved scholarly fulfillment and maintenance of information, which is by all accounts a sound reason for such a methodology. While it appears to be fundamental that the indoor condition ought to be invigorating subjectively, it might be astute not to disregard the passionate part of it.â Again, the key laborer is at the focal point of giving the glow required in an empowering situation. Nutbrown and Page (2008) declare that they should demonstrate warm reactions to the kids under their mind and respond well to them. Generally, an empowering situation is comprised of the parts of appropriate and invigorating indoor and outside regions, which the key laborer is focal in keeping up and encouraging. Guideline 4-Children create and learn in various manners and rates The last guideline embraced by the EYFS structure is maybe increasingly worried about the discernment of kids, despite the fact that it alludes to their social and passionate improvement to some extent. By and by, Katz (1988, as refered to in Carr, 2001, p.21) guesses that every youngster has a certain ‘disposition’, something which is unmistakable from learning; it is concerned more with how they respond to specific circumstances and the propensities they receive and complete all the time. In a later archive, Katz (1993) expounds that manners in little youngsters are typically gained from those around or nature they are brought up in or cared for, which appears to resound with Bandura’s (1977) hypothesis of displaying referenced before in the task. Katz (1993) additionally expresses that miens are fortified when they are recognized and endeavors are made to proceed with them (especially on the off chance that they are acceptable propensities), which appears to un derscore the significance of regarding the youngster as a person. It appears to be apparent that all youngsters learn and create in various manners, as confirm by the contention above. Nonetheless, a guess could be made that there might be sure techniques which an expert or laborer can execute which will bring about kids forming into reasonable and develop grown-ups. One manner by which to do this is to develop a child’s strength in their capacity to finish an assignment or attempt another activity.â Children may surrender on the off chance that they see the errand to be past their abilities and not stretch out themselves to finish this. This could be a characteristic reaction from the kid (especially if the errand is disproportionate with their range of abilities) or it could be something that they have learned after some time. Dweck (1975: 673) terms this as ‘learned helplessness’, where a youngster routinely surrenders notwithstanding a difficult undertaking or affliction, potentially in view of an absence of reaction from the grown-up in urging the kid to finish the assignment and drive forward. Joining the notions communicated by Katz and the contention above, could be basic in helping kids to advance suitably, especially when confronted with new circumstances and tasks.â Siraj-Blatchford et al. (2002) deduced in their Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) study that mutual supported reasoning was vital in helping a kid to handle new issues and endure. This is characterized as at least two people (with in any event one grown-up ‘facilitator’) cooperating to finish an assignment, despite the fact that the creators stress that every individual ought to be effectively adding to the undertaking, and that there must be a movement towards an inevitable arrangement, regardless of whether that is arrived at straight away. This agrees with Vygotsky’s (1977) hypothesis of intellectual turn of events, which places that a youngster will upgrade their zone of proximal turn of events (the distinction between what they can do all alone and with as sistance) on the off chance that they are bolstered by an increasingly educated other, for example, a grown-up or progressively able peer.â Both contentions recommend that joint effort among grown-ups and kids is fundamental to advance the child’s improvement, albeit again the way where this is done ought to be one of a kind to the kid by utilizing addressing which is fitting to the child’s level of psychological turn of events (Bloom et al., 1956). End The basis which supports the EYFS structure is the need to regard the kid as an exceptional individual and think about their needs finally, in a psychological, enthusiastic, social and physical sense to encourage ideal advancement in them. There are a few different ways to guarantee this, including nature is invigorating and proper enough for the child’s needs, that they approach a huge number of exercises, that the key specialist has a warm and satisfying relationship with the kid and that they urged to build up a development attitude and drive forward with testing errands with the help of another grown-up. Ostensibly, if a childcare supplier follows the entirety of the activities above and holds fast to the EYFS structure, at that point this ought to take into consideration youngsters to advance to the ideal degree of improvement and development. References Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Blossom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H. what's more, Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) Taxonomy of instructive destinations: The grouping of instructive objectives. Handbook I: Cognitive space. New York: David McKay Company. Bowlby, J. (1951) ‘Maternal Care and Mental Health.’ World Health Organization Monograph. Bowlby, J. (1953) Child Care and the Growth of Love. London: Penguin Books. Bruner, J. S. (1961) ‘The demonstration of discovery’. Harvard Educational Review, 31 (1): 21â€32. Carr, M. (2001) Assessment in Early Childhood Settings. London: SAGE. Division for Family, Education and Skills (2004) Every Child Matters. [Online]. Accessible at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/distributions/standard/publicationdetail/page1/dfes/1081/2004 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Division for Education (2010) Social and passionate parts of learning (SEAL) program in auxiliary schools: national assessment. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/distributions/social-and-enthusiastic parts of-learning-seal-program-in-auxiliary schools-national-assessment (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Division for Education (2013a) Improving the quality and scope of instruction and childcare from birth to 5 years. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/strategies/improving-the-quality-and-scope of-training and-childcare-from-birth-to-5-years/supporting-pages/early-years-establishment stage (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Division for Education (2013b) Early years results: A non-legal guide for specialists and controllers to help advise understanding regarding youngster improvement through the early years. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/transfers/framework/transfers/attachment_data/record/237249/Early_Years_Outcomes.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Division for Education (2014) Early years establishment stage structure. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/distributions/early-years-establishment stage-framework2 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Dweck, C.S. (1975) ‘The job of desires and attributions in the mitigation of educated helplessness.’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31: 674-685. Dweck, C. (2006) Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books. Elfer, P., Goldschmied, E. furthermore, Selleck, D. (2003) Key Persons in the Nursery: Building connections for quality arrangement. London: David Fulton. Garrick, R., Bath, C., Dunn, K., Maconochie, H., Willis, B. furthermore, Claire Wolstenholme (2010) Children’s encounters of the Early Years Establishment Stage. DfE: London. Gardner, H. (2004) Changing Minds: The workmanship and study of changing our own and different people groups minds. Harvard Business School Press. Gov. UK (2014) Free early training and childcare. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/free-early-training (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Katz, L.G. (1988) ‘What Should Young Children Be Doing?’ American Educator: The Professional Journal of the American Federation of Teachers: 29-45. Katz, L. (1993) Dispositions: Definitions and suggestions for youth rehearses. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Nutbrown, C. what's more, Page, J. (2008) Working with Babies and Children Under Three. London: Sage. Piaget, J. (1952) The Origin of Intelligence in Children. New York: International University Press, Inc. Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R. what's more, Bell, D. (2002) Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) DfES Research Report 365. HMSO London: Queen’s Printer. Steel, N. (2012) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. New York: Springer. Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford I. what's more, Taggart, B. (2004) The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project: Final report. London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in the public arena: The advancement of higher mental procedures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

How To Organize Your TOEFL Essay Topics

How To Organize Your TOEFL Essay TopicsIf you are considering getting your TOEFL essay topics in order for the TOEFL essay, then you will find it helpful to review some of the main points that are involved with them. You will also find that the content for your TOEFL essay is an important aspect that should be well thought out and understood.First, you should know that there are two major sections in your essay. The first section is the topical section, and the second is the reading comprehension section. Your writing will need to include content from all three of these sections. It is not always necessary to have all of the subject matter covered in the same sentence, but you will want to be able to come up with a few ideas for discussion in the course of your essay.Your topic for the essay can also be used as a basis for the reading comprehension portion. As with the topical section, you should give a brief outline of what you intend to cover. For some of the subjects that you migh t be writing about, this should be fairly simple, as some of the information can be found on the college's website or elsewhere. However, for others, such as government, or for a public figure such as a politician, you will want to make sure that you have an idea of how they have influenced the current political debate.One way to do this is to consider the book that you have read recently or heard on the radio, and to reflect upon the events that transpired in the book or on the radio. Do you agree with the conclusions reached in the book? You will need to make sure that your essay is comprehensive enough to provide an accurate reflection of all of the events that you discussed.For many people, it is also important to be able to read longer texts, especially if they have been required to read it over the internet. In this situation, you may have had to complete several passages of a long document, and you will want to be able to read these at a faster rate than you would have been a ble to at first. You should make sure that you are able to read a passage in a logical sequence.Finally, you will need to write about what you have learned, rather than just memorize it. Remember that it is possible for you to forget about information that you learn in class, and you will need to take note of this in your essay. Also, be aware that you do not necessarily have to read everything that you are required to do. In some cases, you can pick up what you need from an email and be ready to read the same thing.Many students tend to think that they should read everything that they need to read. They often end up reading more than they need to and leaving the information out of their essays. This could leave them with some important facts, but it could also lead to a shortcoming if they do not have a good idea of what these facts mean. An essay can take many forms, and knowing that you can skip information and move on to the next passage in a better place can help your overall s core.You should review all of the TOEFL essay topics and get a good feel for the materials that you will be expected to read and to understand. This should help you prepare yourself for the test.

Associate and Joint Ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Partner and Joint Ventures - Essay Example oint adventure is probably going to be dictated by various components including size of big business, the normal length of the endeavor, the personality and area of the elements and the targets of the members. The explanation for this key coalition between the organizations is certifiably not a solitary one in reality there are many. Organizations take part in these exercises to profit more and lessen the hazard associated with rivalry and disappointment. Here are a couple of favorable circumstances which the organizations look for so as to keep up development and extension because of a Venture. By shaping a joint endeavor an organization can without much of a stretch grow their business and might cover more piece of the pie in the market. This is on the grounds that the organization has more assets, more prominent limit, a superior dissemination channel A joint endeavor likewise makes an organization progressively adaptable in light of the fact that a joint endeavor are shaped for a constrained life expectancy and furthermore it just covers some portion of company’s forms, in this way joint endeavors limits both the company’s duty and the business presentation in the current market. Since various organizations have distinctive size of business, consequently by framing a joint endeavor with a private venture with a bigger business the littler business can't put or acquire more resources into the endeavor as contrast with the bigger business, this outcomes in an awkwardness in the joint endeavor. A basic and simple to shape adventure is an organization. It is the connection which exists between people carrying on a recognizable business. There are additionally sure blends of mediums or game plans, for example, constrained risk organization. Anyway duty and business components may in some cases lead to the utilization of a unincorporated framework, for example an organization or restricted association, the flood of adventures is generally between organizations or those substances which are perceived well. The most straightforward type of relationship for joint endeavors is an understanding under which the members agree to relate as self-sufficient contractual workers as opposed to investors

Finding Good Exploratory Essay Topics

Finding Good Exploratory Essay TopicsWhat can you do with a good exploratory essay topic for a high school senior? I'm talking about ideas and concepts that are not so familiar but could be useful for students.Good exploratory essay topics are not usually available from the students' school library. They usually come from a college professor. But you can find them on the Internet or in your local paper.It can be tempting to look for essays in your student's home library, because they may be more complete and may have more specific information. But there is a big difference between a high school senior's home library and a college student's home library. Most of the college students have their own library and it is usually filled with students' books and not of interest to the writer of an essay.In my experience, writing an essay is like going for a walk, where you will want to stay alert and not just stop and catch some fleeting glimpse of some new ideas that you've been eyeing. You don't want to be merely nibbling away at the ideas without being much of a writer, but rather have some ideas and then moving on to the next idea, and then the next idea, and on.Good exploratory essay topics, if found, will give you some ideas of what to write and how to write it, so that you will be able to move on to the next idea. So you will have one idea only, instead of having several thoughts running around in your head.I can sometimes sit in a classroom with a bunch of students who have a lot of word ideas and ask each of them for something that they think might work as an essay topic. Some will immediately get up and ask for a topic and some will actually come up with a good idea.A couple of good exploratory essay topics will help a lot in getting students ready for college. And you can use them for both or just one of your essays. Just remember that it can be hard to grab good ideas for your essays so make sure that you do your homework and that you find those good topics before heading off to class.

How to Conjugate Coûter (to Cost)

Compare and Contrast of Quindlen and Lutz - 800 Words

Compare and Contrast of Quindlen and Lutz Upon reading and examining two essays, â€Å"Life under the chief doublespeak officer† a narrative by William Lutz and â€Å"Homeless†, a descriptive by Anna Quindlen, I firmly believe that Quindlen provides the preferred essay due to the gravity of her subject, greater personal relevance, and that her material allows the reader to sympathize with the subject matter. William Lutz’s essay addresses the growing trend in Corporate America to disguise actions with words and or phrases that mask the intention of the company. In Lutz’s essay he says,† With doublespeak, banks dont have bad loans or bad debts; they have nonperforming assets or nonperforming credits which are rolled over or†¦show more content†¦Inside were curtains, a couch, a stove, and potholders. You are where you live. She was somebody.† (Quindlen, n.d.) Immediately, as a reader, I felt the emotional weight and connected to Quind len and her homeless friend Ann. Quindlen’s description of the photograph allowed me feel as if I had lost something, even though there was no physical connection. Lutz addresses a topic that has spread like an uncontrollable virus fueled by political correctness. However, I question the social relevance of the topic. Lutz’s essay comes off as having a chip on his shoulder and cold disdain for current trends in corporate communication. Lutz’s thoughts, accurate as they are, are nothing more than a rehashed Andy Rooney editorial. Quindlen however, delicately reminds us of how important a place to call â€Å"home† is. Quindlen eloquently says, â€Å"Home is where the heart is. Theres no place like it. I love my home with ferocity totally out of proportion to its appearance or location. I love dumb things about it: the hot-water heater, the plastic rack you drain dishes in, the roof over my head, which occasionally leaks. And yet it is precisely thos e dumb things that make it what it is--a place of certainty, stability, predictability, privacy, for me and for my family. It is where I live. What more can you say about a place than that? That is everything.† (Quindlen, n.d.) This is how Quindlen separates her work from Lutz’s work; by making her

Kants Philosophy Essay Example For Students

Kants Philosophy Essay The keystone of Kants philosophy, sometimes called critical philosophy, is contained in his Critique of Pure Reason (1781), in which he examined the bases of human knowledge and created an individual epistemology. Like earlier philosophers, Kant differentiated modes of thinking into analytic and synthetic propositions. An analytic proposition is one in which the predicate is contained in the subject, as in the statement Black houses are houses. The truth of this type of proposition is evident, because to state the reverse would be to make the proposition self-contradictory. Such propositions are called analytic because truth is discovered by the analysis of the concept itself. Synthetic propositions, on the other hand, are those that cannot be arrived at by pure analysis, as in the statement The house is black. All the common propositions that result from experience of the world are synthetic. Propositions, according to Kant, can also be divided into two other types: empirical and a priori. Empirical propositions depend entirely on sense perception, but a priori propositions have a fundamental validity and are not based on such perception. The difference between these two types of proposition may be illustrated by the empirical The house is black and the a priori Two plus two makes four. Kants thesis in the Critique is that it is possible to make synthetic a priori judgments. This philosophical position is usually known as transcendentalism. In describing how this type of judgment is possible Kant regarded the objects of the material world as fundamentally unknowable; from the point of view of reason, they serve merely as the raw material from which sensations are formed. Objects of themselves have no existence, and space and time exist only as part of the mind, as intuitions by which perceptions are measured and judged. In addition to these intuitions, Kant stated that a number of a priori concepts, which he called categories, also exist. He divided the categories into four groups: those concerning quantity, which are unity, plurality, and totality; those concerning quality, which are reality, negation, and limitation; those concerning relation, which are substance-and-accident, cause-and-effect, and reciprocity; and those concerning modality, which are possibility, existence, and necessity. The intuitions and the categories can be applied to make judgments about experiences and perceptions, but cannot, according to Kant, be applied to abstract ideas such as freedom and existence without leading to inconsistencies in the form of pairs of contradictory propositions, or antinomies, in which both members of each pair can be proved true. In the Metaphysics of Ethics (1797) Kant described his ethical system, which is based on a belief that the reason is the final authority for morality. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be undertaken from a sense of duty dictated by reason, and no action performed for expediency or solely in obedience to law or custom can be regarded as moral. Kant described two types of commands given by reason: the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specific end; and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The categorical imperative is a three-pronged statement that succinctly outlines Kants moral views. All three must be met for an action to be morally obligatory. Formulation One-Act according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Or, Think about what would happen if everyone acted in the same way, and for the same reasons you did.All moral laws must be universal. They are formed regardless of circumstance, since the circumstances cannot be predicted. All we can really know is the principle behind our action. Besides this, the consequences do not matter. If something is deemed to be moral, it becomes a duty. A duty must be fulfilled, no matter what the consequences. For example, making a false promise, a man in need finds himself forced to borrow money. He knows that he cannot repay, but promises to do so anyway. His maxim is when I believe myself to be in need of money, I will borrow money and promise to repay it, though I know I cannot. If it were universalized, this law of false promises destroys the entire concept of promises, since no person would believe anyone. It is thus immoral, si nce it cannot rationally be universalized. Formulation Two-Act so that you treat humanity, whether in you own person, or that of another, as an end and never as a means only. Or, Dont use people.Humans all possess rationality, this gives them inherent worth. All humans must be treated as ends in every circumstance. This formulation says that the ends of others, if morally permissible, set limits to the ends that we can pursue. We must respect the permissible ends of others, and we may make people serve our purposes only when they, as moral agents, consent to such use. For example, a worker is used as a means to the economic strength of his employer, but he agrees to his use, is paid, and is treated with respect, so he is also an end in and of himself. .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .postImageUrl , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:hover , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:visited , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:active { border:0!important; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:active , .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c55bef256879341599ddc966cac3f3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jewish persecution EssayFormulation Three-All maxims as proceeding from our own lawmaking ought to harmonize with a possible kingdom of ends as a kingdom of nature.Here we are told to think of ourselves as members of a society of beings whose permissible ends are to be respected. We must test our maxims by asking whether, supposing the maxims were universal laws, there would be a society of that kind. We must look at both the agent and the ricipient of the action together in a community as we legislate through our laws. Kants ethical ideas are a logical outcome of his belief in the fundamental freedom of the individual as stated in his Critique of Practical Reason (1788). This freedom he did not regard as the lawless freedom of anarchy, but rather as the freedom of self-government, the freedom to obey consciously the laws of the universe as revealed by reason. He believed that the welfare of each individual should properly be regarded as an end in itself and that the world was progressing toward an ideal society in which reason would bind every law giver to make his laws in such a way that they could have sprung from the united will of an entire people, and to regard every subject, in so far as he wishes to be a citizen, on the basis of whether he has conformed to that will. In his treatise, Perpetual Peace (1795) Kant advocated the establishment of a world federation of republican states. Kant had a greater influence than any other philosopher of modern times did. Kantian philosophy, particularly as developed by the German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel, was the basis on which the structure of Marxism was built; the dialectical method, used by both Hegel and Karl Marx, was an outgrowth of the method of reasoning by antinomies that Kant used. The German philosopher Johann Fichte, Kants pupil, rejected his teachers division of the world into objective and subjective parts and developed an idealistic philosophy that also had great influence on 19th-century socialists. One of Kants successors at the University of Knigsberg, J.F. Herbart, incorporated some of Kants ideas in his system of pedagogy.

Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups Essay Example

Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups Essay In this essay I will explain the role of the law commission and discuss the role played by pressure groups and judges with regard to law reform. The law commission is made up of five people from the judiciary, the legal profession and legal academies. Generally the chairman is a high court judge and the other four include a QC experienced in criminal law, a solicitor with experience in land law and equity and two legal academics. They are assisted by legally qualified civil servants. It was set up in 1965 with its main task to be codification. In 1965 it was announced that it would begin codifying family law, contract, landlord and tenant and evidence. This wasnt its only task though, under the law commissions act 1965 the law commission was also meant to remove anomalies from the law, repeal obsolete and unnecessary legislation, consolidate the law and finally simplify and modernize the law. It operates on projects referred to it by the Lord Chancellor or government department, at times it may also work on projects itself feels necessary for consideration. Normally a project will begin with a study of the area of law in question and attempt to identify its defects. Foreign legal systems may be looked at to see how they deal with similar issues. Then it publishes a consultation paper inviting comments, it describes present law and sets out possible options for reform. The commissions final recommendations are in a report containing a draft bill where legislation is proposed. The government then decides if it accepts the recommendations of the law commission. If it does it is down to them to introduce any necessary bills in parliament. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the law commision and the role played by pressure groups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Personally I think the law commission was weak in some areas and stronger in others. For example they didnt do very well with codification, although they were set a list of laws to codify attempts for the first few were abandoned and the last one never even begun. It is thought that the reason for this is that they realized it wasnt going to work and it didnt fit in with law making in our country. Zander suggests it was down to a mixture of conservatism and realisation on part of the draftsman, legislators and even judges that it simply didnt fit the English style of lawmaking. Although they did better with contract law, they have radically changed it by recommending control of exclusion clauses which led to the unfair contract terms act 1977, they helped in many other situations as well. A pressure group is an organized group that seeks to influence government policy or legislation. Although the term pressure groups implies they use force not all of them do, different groups have different methods. Their aim is to influence people who have the power to make decisions. Some choose to lobby MPs gaining as much publicity as possible for their cause; others may organize petitions or encourage people to write to their own MP and/or minister. Some groups tend to be more effective than others, size or persistence may be the reason for some groups success. Examples include justice a group concerned with promoting law reform in general and charities such as help the aged and shelter. As well as pressure groups and other organizations the public generally make their opinions known to MPs, ministers and to newspapers. This can lead to reform; another thing that has a great impact on reform is the media as it claims to reflect what the public think in general. Although much law reform happens as a response to pressure from one or more sources agencies such as the law commission are set up to deal with area of law referred to them by the government. The majority of law reform is carried out by parliament and is done in four ways. The first one is repeal, then creation, consolidation and finally codification.

Free Essays on The Bible Code

‘assassin that will assassinate.’ Michael Drosnin has also found text stating that a comet was going to hit Jupiter along with the exact date of impact, before it happened. The dates of the Gulf War were also located, before the war started. There are hundreds of world shaking events hidden in the text of the... Free Essays on The Bible Code Free Essays on The Bible Code What is the Bible code? Can it predict the future? The Bible code has been around since about the Twelfth Century. Rabbinical scholars first found hidden words in the Hebrew text of the Torah. Jewish scholars believe that everyone and everything that ever was, is, or will be is hidden in meaningful words hidden in the first five books of the Bible. Only very slight changes have been made to the Bible over the years. The Bible code was first discovered and recorded by Rabbi Michael Ber Weissmandl, recently written books on the Bible code have been published by Michael Drosnin, Jeffrey Satinover, and Grant Jeffrey, the Bible code is very mysterious and confusing. This paper will try to explain how the Bible code works and some of its history. In the time of the Holocaust, Michael Ber Weissmandl, a Slovakian rabbi, was studying the secret codes of meaningful words hidden in the text of the Torah. He escaped a death train and made it all the way to the United States. He continued his research on the Bible code, but he eventually died in 1957. A quarter of a century later, Germany’s enigma code was discovered. It was completely based on Michael Ber Weissmandl’s research and findings. Many books have been published in relation to the Bible code. One main author, Michael Drosnin has published two books called The Bible Code and The Bible Code II. In these books Drosnin found text leading to John and Robert Kennedy’s assassinations, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin’s assassinations well as his name crossed with the words ‘assassin that will assassinate.’ Michael Drosnin has also found text stating that a comet was going to hit Jupiter along with the exact date of impact, before it happened. The dates of the Gulf War were also located, before the war started. There are hundreds of world shaking events hidden in the text of the...

Saudi Arabia Political Economy Environment Dissertation

Saudi Arabia Political Economy Environment - Dissertation Example The results of this policy are that about 58% of the university students in Saudi Arabia are women, following globalization, education, and economic benefits, more women in the Kingdom are being employed, estimated at about 5% to 15% of the workforce are women. Several factors contribute to women being in business include: †¢ Women are responsible for controlling most of the country’s wealth, and as a consequence are able to access informal funding which support the growth of business entrepreneurs. It is estimated that women are in possession of over SR45 billion, most of which (approximately 75%) is deposited, idly, in banks. †¢ Ownership of businesses in the Kingdom have about 4% of the businesses belonging to women, the retail sector has about 5,500 commercial registrations being of projects by women, which accounts to an estimated 20% in the retail, contractual, wholesaling, and transferable businesses sectors, and Arab News has recognized the contribution made by women in the economy of the region, by publishing the Kingdom’s top twenty women ventures in the region in March 2007. This was reported as a new perspective that deviates from the norm, where men are considered the entrepreneurs and pillars of Saudi Arabia’s economy. The current rise in women involvement in economy is based on the education and financial strength gained by women. Women have gained power through empowerment via education and business.

Germany's Political Situation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Germany's Political Situation - Research Paper Example The state has high living standards, and an inclusive system of community security. The country is known worldwide for its cultural and political history (Hilmer, 2002, p. 5). Germany’s political influence is well documented both locally and international. The country influenced global politics that led to the two World Wars and locally through the Nazi regime. However, the country has grown politically, and it currently is a democratic hallmark for other countries. Germany has a federal, representative and parliamentary system of government. The political system functions under a structure laid out in the constitutional document of 1949. Amendments to the constitution require 66% majority votes from the chambers of parliament. The fundamental principles of the German constitution express human dignity, federal structures, and separation of power and rule of law as valid in perpetuity. The President heads the state, and the presidential institution has the representative power s and responsibilities. The President comes to power through a federal convention, which constitutes members of the Bundestag and state delegates. The President of the Bundestag has the second highest official powers after the president. This President, elected by the Bundestag, oversees the daily sessions of the German parliament. The Chancellor occupies the third highest office in Germany. The Chancellor heads the government and is appointed after elections by the Bundestag (Schmidt, 2005, p. 149). The Chancellor heads the government and has executive powers similar the Prime Minister in other democracies. The parliament has the federal legislative powers, and it consists of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. The Bundestag undergoes direct elections through proportional representation. Members of the Bundesrat make the government of 16th federal state, and the state cabinet (Schmidt, 2005, p. 155). Since 1949, party system dominated German politics. The Christian Democratic Union an d the Social Democratic Party of Germany characterized German politics, with all German Chancellors having membership of the two parties. However, liberal parties such as the Alliance ‘90/The Greens and the Free Democratic Party also played crucial roles in German politics. The law system in Germany has its basis on the Roman law that is civil. Germany comprises 16 states, referred to as Lander. Each state has a constitution, and they are largely autonomous with regard to internal organization. Germany has states of varying sizes and populations. In 2009, the country was divided into 403 districts, with 102 urban districts and 301 rural districts (Wheeler-Bennet, 1965, p. 468). In the past, Germany was divided into kingdoms, which later united to form the German Empire. This empire had a ruler known as an Emperor or Kaiser. The Kaiser did not gain power through election, but rather through inheritance or nomination. Only men took part in the elections of the Reichstag, as wome n did not have voting powers. The Reichstag or Imperial Assembly was a weak body. This body could not formulate laws; it could only pass, reject or amend bills initiated by the Kaiser appointed chancellor. During the early days of the empire, the Reichstag functioned in agreement with the Kaiser; this means that the Kaiser controlled the body. However, with time, the body became less compliant with Kaiser’s wishes. Disagreement between Kaiser and the Reichstag led to

Breast Cancer Essay Example for Free

Breast Cancer Essay Is it true that wearing ‘underwired’ brassieres bring about cancer? Can breast cancer be treated? Are there signs and symptoms that individuals can check to know if breast cancer really occurs in them? These are just some of the essential questions that this paper will attempt to answer. It will also attain to reintroduce breast cancer’s definition, history of recovery, signs and causes, statistical information, diagnosis, breast cancer myths, risk factors, as well as, treatment. Definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A 34-year-old woman, named Susan has been told by the family doctor that she has a breast cancer. When she asked about it, the doctor initially explained it as â€Å"a type of cancer that forms in tissues of the breasts, typically in the ducts or the areas where milk goes through till it reaches the nipple, as well as, the lobules or the glands which produces milk† (National.. n.p.). History of Discovery The doctor also told Susan that the aforementioned disease has been observed in Egypt way back in approximately 1600 BC (Wikipedia n.p.). Back then he stated that, â€Å"tumors of the breasts were addressed or treated by cauterization through an instrument they technically refer to as the fire drill though they openly admitted that there is no cure for such† (Wikipedia n.p.). The doctor also added that, centuries later experts found â€Å"a relationship between the lymph nodes found in the armpits and cancer of the breast, in fact, Jean Louis Petit and Benjamin Bell were the first ones to get rid of the lymph nodes, breast tissue, as well as, a primary muscle in the chest† (Wikipedia n.p.). The doctor, to make Susan stay calm, mentioned that such surgery has been very successful thus it was also done by William Halsted during the next century or 1882 to be exact, in fact, until the 1970’s, this procedure remained to be the most successful surgical procedure to address the aforementioned condition (Wikipedia n.p.). Signs and Symptoms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since Susan was complaining about the physical changes in her body that she observed prior to be being diagnosed as having breast cancer, the doctor also told her that the signs and symptoms of breast cancer include the following: First of all, if there is a lump in the breast then there is a possibility that a person has breast cancer (Mayo.. n.p.). Second, there is also a probability that breast cancer may occur if the nipple/s of an individual discharges blood and has a lump that goes along with it (Mayo.. n.p.). Third, there may be an occurrence of breast cancer if there exist a â€Å"retraction, flattening, or indentation of the nipple† (Mayo.. n.p.). Fourth, if the size of the breast and its contours changes, then it is possible that breast cancer is in existence (Mayo.. n.p.). Last but not least, redness of the skin on the breast area may signify breast cancer as well (Mayo.. n.p.). Upon hearing the aforementioned, Susan remembers that she mainly complained about sign symptoms number one in the right breast, something she has been complaining about for about 16 months. Statistical Information   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Susan has been feeling weird and a little scared and so she decided to look into medical and health magazines, internet sites, as well as, books to check if she is going to make it or not, if she’s going to die etcetera and here’s a statistical information that she stumbled upon: 1) â€Å"Deaths brought about by breast cancer already reached forty thousand four hundred sixty (40,460) for females and four hundred fifty for the males (450)† (National.. n.p.); 2) â€Å"Unfortunately, there are new cases reported as well, there are one hundred seventy eight thousand four hundred eighty (178, 480) females and two thousand and thirty (2,030) males now who currently have breast cancer† (National.. n.p.). And the aforementioned is in the United States only (National.. n.p.); 3) â€Å"In the United Kingdom, on the other hand, twelve thousand four hundred (12,400) individuals or more die each year because of breast cancer† (National.. n.p.). In fact, in 2003 alone, there were forty three thousand and seven hundred fifty six women and there were three hundred thirty five (335) men who were diagnosed and reported to have breast cancer (National.. n.p.). Diagnosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During that time, Susan was also in denial that is why she researched on her own. She found out that: Breast cancer may be diagnosed through the following: 1) breast self-examination; 2) clinical breast exam; 3) mammogram including screening mammograms, diagnostic mammograms; 4) computer-aided detection; 5) digital mammography; 6) magnetic resonance imaging; 7) â€Å"ultrasonography†; 8) ductal lavage; 9) molecular breast imaging; 10) diagnostic procedures like ultrasound; 11) biopsy including fine-needle aspiration biopsy, core-needle biopsy, stereotactic biopsy, wire localization, surgical biopsy; 12) estrogen and progesterone receptor tests; 13) staging tests; and 14) genetic tests (Mayo.. n.p.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During this time, she was already prepared to believe that she really does not have breast cancer because she had a mammogram performed in March 1989 and again in February 1999, wherein, the results both showed that it is normal. Although, she had to try to accept it or at least entertain that it might be true when an ultrasound was also carried out where it was detected that a fibrocystic lump exists and that it was benign. Breast Cancer Myths After the detection of the fibrocystic lump, Susan began to reflect on her way of life, what could have caused the lump to exist inside of her body†¦she actually thought that it may be because of her use of deodorants, ‘underwired’ brassieres, stress from work, as well as, injury to the breasts which she got from playing basketball when she was in college and still a part of a varsity team. It is not very surprising that Susan thought of those as the primary reasons for the lump since there are so many myths that are related to breast cancer and some of the most popular ones are the following: First of all, some individuals claim that deodorants bring about breast cancer, however, currently, no studies have been carried out yet that may confirm or deny such belief of some people (Breast.. n.p.).   Second, some people think that wearing ‘underwired’ brassieres bring about cancer (Breast.. n.p.). Just like the first myth though, no evidence have been found to conclude such a statement (Breast.. n.p.). Third, there are individuals who think that stress can bring about breast cancer, however, research studies have not yet been able to establish an extremely clear link to conclude that such is really possible (Breast.. n.p.). Fourth, there are people who claim that â€Å"living near electricity pylons cause breast cancer† but no evidences have been presented ever since that breast cancer may be associated to electricity pylons (Breast.. n.p.).    Fifth, some individuals say that an injury to the breast augments the probability that breast cancer may occur (Breast.. n.p.). However, no evidences have been presented to back up such claim (Breast.. n.p.). Sixth, people claim that females who are young are more likely to be detected with breast cancer (Breast.. n.p.). Well, statistical information denies this, in fact, eighty percent of all the cases in the UK occur in females who are already fifty years old and above (Breast.. n.p.). Seventh, there are individuals who believe that if a person feels pain or discomfort in his or her breasts, then it is already safe to say that an individual is suffering from breast cancer (Breast.. n.p.). However, experts explain that there are so many reasons why breasts may be painful, for instance, this may be related to the menstrual cycle (Breast.. n.p.). Eighth, some people say that getting pregnant increases the probability of suffering from breast cancer later (Breast.. n.p.). On the contrary, experts have found evidence linking early pregnancy to breast cancer risk being reduced (Breast.. n.p.). They also reiterated that the more babies a woman gives birth to then the lower the risk of getting such cancer (Breast.. n.p.). In light of the detection of the lump, instead of getting more focused with the myths, Susan should have gotten a second opinion. If in case she did that, and the biopsy results will show that an â€Å"infiltrating lobular carcinoma† already exists and that it is already in stage IIa then a more extensive treatment would be provided to her. Risk Factors   Ã‚   The aforementioned are really just myths, they were never provided with evidences to establish that those are really linked with breast cancer. Susan was told by her doctor that the main risk factors for breast cancer, actually, include the following: 1) age; 2) age of menarche; 3) age at birth of first-born child; 4) biopsies of the breast; 5) family history; 6) occupation; 7) race; 8) hormone replacement therapy, as well as, 9) alcohol (Hales 105). Susan is only thirty four years old, never had any children, used to engage herself in binge drinking during college, and an aunt of hers had breast cancer years ago. As we can see, most of the risk factors are present in Susan’s case. Treatment            According to the experts Susan spoke to, â€Å"Breast cancer may be annihilated and for that to occur: 1) either lumpectomy or mastectomy should be carried out; 2) radiation may also be helpful; 3) drugs like taxol, taxotere, and herceptin may be taken; 4) chemotherapy; as well as, 5) hormonal therapy may be undergone by the patient† (Hales 105). Because her treatment options have been clearly explained to her, she decided to have a â€Å"right modified radical mastectomy† following a reconstruction immediately (Hales 105). During the surgery â€Å"eight lymph nodes were annihilated and the biopsy gave out a negative result† (Hales 105). After which Susan underwent chemotherapy as part of her post-surgical treatment which made her experience side effects including loss of hair and anorexia (Hales 105). Last but not least, she was also made to take in drugs named Cytoxan and prednisone (Hales 105). References       Breast Cancer Care. Statistics and Facts About Breast Cancer. 2004. Cancer Research, UK. 15 June 2007 http://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/content.php?page_id=1730 Hales, D. An Invitation to Health, Eleventh Edition. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Breast Cancer.   29 December 2006. n.a.. 15 June 2007.    http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-cancer/DS00328/DSECTION=2 National Cancer Institute. Breast Cancer. n.d. n.a. 15 June 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast Wikipedia. Breast Cancer. 14 June 2007. Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 15 June 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer#History

Andre Dubus IIIs House of Sand and Fog Essay -- Andre Dubus III House

Andre Dubus III's House of Sand and Fog "House of Sand and Fog," by Andre Dubus III, explores the catastrophic repercussions of a complex misunderstanding between three characters. The conflict initially involves a dispute between Kathy Nicolo and Massoud Behrani over the â€Å"rightful† ownership of a house. The county wrongfully evicts Kathy and Behrani then buys her house at an auction. When Deputy Sheriff Lester Burdon enters the situation, events quickly slip out of control. Superficially, Lester’s character is important to the novel because he acts as a catalyst, propelling the plot into unexpected action. But Lester impacts the novel in a more profound way, because were it not for his insecurity and selfishness, the rest of the characters could have been spared an avoidable tragedy. Lester’s commitment to help Kathy at all costs undeniably alters the outcome of the novel. By providing her with money for a motel, and later with shelter at a friend’s cabin, he allows her to continue avoiding the reality of the situation. If Lester had never met Kathy, she would have been forced to be upfront with her lawyer. Instead, Kathy tells herself â€Å"there a limit to how much [her lawyer] wants to help,† and continues to tell Connie Walsh that she is staying with friends (88). Knowing the severity of Kathy’s plight could have prompted Connie Walsh to more ardently pursue the county on Kathy’s behalf. Because of Lester, however, the truth is kept from the lawyer. Additionally, although proclaiming his love for her, Lester becomes a negative influence on Kathy. Under the false sense of security he provides, Kathy, a recovering alcoholic, allows herself to start drinking again after an abstinence of three ye... ...observes the situation as merely a problem that requires a quick fix, and he sets about â€Å"fixing† the situation instead of fulfilling Kathy’s emotional needs. In the tradition of a Greek tragedy, Lester’s insecurity is his hamartia, his tragic flaw. His egocentrism stems from this, causing him to overlook the needs of others in his quest for self-justification. This is not to say that the awful outcome of the novel can be attributed to Lester alone. All three main characters fail to understand one another and rush to false assumptions based on cultural differences. But the fatalities of the scenario can be traced back to the overreactions of Lester. In the form of Lester Burdon, Dubus imbues his story with a potent warning against dishonestly with oneself. Only when a man truly understands himself and accepts his flaws can he attempt to overcome them.

Acquired Level of Competency of Nurses Essay

Background: Known to be the most effective method to develop professional nurses is through a strong preceptorship program. This research study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Preceptorship Program being implemented by Vicente Gullas Memorial Hospital. Method: Questionnaires measuring their competency comprising the Knowledge, Skill and Attitude were used to obtain responses from 67 nurse preceptees. The response rate of the survey was 167.5%. Findings and Conclusion: The Vicente Gullas Memorial Hospital’s Preceptorship Program was effective since it significantly produced 46.27% or 31 out 67 respondents who turned out to be Competent nurses. Moreover, there were 28.36% or 19 out of 67 who were Advanced Beginners and 8.96 or 6 out of 67 who were Proficient Nurses. In general, 83.56% or 56 out of 67 Novice Nurses were able to increase their knowledge, skills and attitude at the end of the program. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the Nurse’s Skill and Attitude (r= 0.476; p < 0.05). Nurses who are confident with themselves tend to be more proactive and eager to perform nursing procedures which is why they are always willing to do the tasks being delegated or assigned to them. Contrary to what has mentioned, there was no correlation between the preceptee’s Knowledge and Skill (r= – 0.604) and Knowledge and Attitude (r= -0.149).

Are family businesses important in entrepreneurship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2187 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Critically discuss the suggestion that  family businesses are not important  to the study of entrepreneurship. Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2 Entrepreneurship a Deeper Examination à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 4 Conclusion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 6 Bibliography .à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 8 Introduction The notion that family businesses are not relevant in the study of entrepreneurship represents a contention that mathematics is not relevant to accounting. The study of the factors that cause and create entrepreneurship starts with the study of the factors as to why people start busi nesses and that very foundation does not permit the elimination of any segment or sector of classification. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Are family businesses important in entrepreneurship?" essay for you Create order In most cases, the decision to start a business involves some sort of family interaction, be it from a marriage perspective, or simply a single adult interfacing with relatives. Not that the foregoing is true in all instances, but it does represent a consideration whereby the elimination of the thought of segmenting family businesses from the field of study represented by entrepreneurship. In a recent study undertaken by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the GEM Global Report indicated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“One Adult in Eleven is an Entrepreneurà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (PRNewswire, 2004). The foregoing statistic represents a telling correlation in the depth as well as breathe of entrepreneurship within the human condition. In order to examine the question, the words utilized in the formulation of the postulation need to be first be clarified. The definition of an entrepreneur has been a source of debate among economists, scholars, educators as well as policy makers since t he concept itself was first brought into the human lexicon in the early part of the 17th century. The most accepted definition is generally accepted as that of economist Joseph Schumpeter who stated that it is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ carrying out of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ enterprise and the individuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. (who) carry them outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  he termed entrepreneurs (Carton et al, 1998). Carton et al (1998) have expounded upon the definition provided by Schumpeter to define the entrepreneur as a person that identifies an opportunity and then puts together the needed resources to bring that opportunity into business operation. Equally important to an examination of the question of whether or not family businesses are, or are not important to a study of entrepreneurship is an understanding of what a family business is. This aspect is more complex as it represents a concept as well as business segment that has many variables. As such, it, as well as ent repreneurship shall be further examined and discussed within The following shall seek to examine the relative important of the foregoing with respect to family businesses and entrepreneurship through a study of said businesses as well as the theories and finding associated with examinations conducted to equate the relativity between the two. There are many definitions, or proposed definitions of a family businesses, however, the perspective with respect to the foregoing encompassed those which are the mom and pop shop located in a small town, to global empires such as Ford, Wal-Mart, and Levi Strauss, to name a few. Thus, the determination of which realm the context is in reference to is important in equating the question of entrepreneurship with respect to same. If it is taken to mean a business that is started by a family in whole or in part, meaning entire family participation from the inception, or just one member whereby family members or siblings where/are groomed to run the enterprise, then that is one connotation (Carter, 2000, Pp 155-165). Or, shall it mean an enterprise that is undertaken by a member of a family whereby family members either contribute to the business from the inception or join in later but the enterprise is later handed over to professional managers? If the later is taken into account then utilizing statistics gathered for the United States one would have to correlated that out of the 12.8 million self employed individuals as estimated in 2000 (National Association for the Self-Employed, 2001), fully seventy-four of the foregoing where married thus seemingly representing a quasi or de facto family business. Handler (1989, Pp 257- 276) indicated that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ defining the family firm is the first and most obvious challenge facing family business researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In 2000, Littunen et al (2000, P. 41) indicated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ no widely accepted definition of a family bus inessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  has been categorized. Taking the broad view with regard to what constitutes a family business thus represents the categorization that shall be utilized herein. Another consideration in equating what constitutes a family business is the fact that in starting a business individuals utilize their own savings, then seek assistance and or funds from family members and or relatives, as well as associates and loan institutions (PRNewswire, 2004). But, in order to obtain a field of reference with respect to family business, Hollander et al (1988, Pp 145-164) states that it is broadly defined as a business that is either owned, or controlled or managed by one or more than one family member. A view shared by Hander (1989, Pp 257-276) and Carter, (2000, Pp 155-165). Donckels et al (1991, Pp 149-160) as a result of a study among 1132 small through medium size business enterprises in Europe conducted in eight countries found that they are averse to risk as well as being less oriented towards growth and that they utilized less socio-economic networks as well as being more conservative with regard to strategies when compared against firms that are non-family. The foregoing view is also taken by Daily et al (1993, P 82) who state that professional managed enterprises exhibit growth rates that are faster than family firms, and that they utilize strategies that are more growth oriented. Interestingly, Birkey (1986, Pp 36-43) as well as Ward (1987) state that a family business can only be assumed as such when there is a transfer of ownership and thus managerial involvement to the next generation as an intended aspect of its operation. In terms of the equating the level or levels of entrepreneurship that family businesses employ and or utilize, the question also has many variables. The research findings as reported by the study conducted by the GEM Global Report (PRNewswire, 2004) indicates that it takes an entrepreneurial spirit to start up an enterprise and attributes this to one adult in eleven as having this trait. Thus, a further examination of what consists the entrepreneurial level in terms is required. Entrepreneurship a Deeper Examination Given the broad definition of entrepreneurs as provided by Schumpeter (Carton et al, 1998), an refined by Carton et al (1998) to mean that the entrepreneur as a person that identifies an opportunity and then puts together the needed resources to bring that opportunity into business operation, the observations reached in the GEM Global Report (PRNewswire, 2004) has validity. Kautz (1999) stated that entrepreneurs have the ability to take a unique business idea and develop it, either by working as a member of a team, or individually, utilizing others, who also has the capacity to multi task and take on the various functions required in differing levels of capability. A distinction within the context of entrepreneur has been indicated by Richman (1997) who states that t he amateur entrepreneur is basically locally oriented, independent, tends to be self-reliant and utilizes an unorthodox business methodology. He states that the professional entrepreneur is characterized by being global in his view, has poses innovative as well as inquisitive attributes with a career oriented vent and is prepared to implement as well as carry through ideas and strategies developed. Some of the preceding can be attributed to family business, although it is a small percentage of the whole. Such examples have been illustrated in naming Ford, Wal-Mart, and Levi Strauss. Thus, the contributory aspects that individuals who comprise family businesses with respect to entrepreneurship can not be discounted as it represents a creative activity with new examples emerging all of the time. The context of the family business engages a more complex mixture of entrepreneurship in that the family structure itself is a variable included in the process. The foregoing also calls to mind those instances whereby an large enterprise is owned by family interests whose influence and appointment of a board constitutes a family business even though they are removed from the day to day operational aspects. The foregoing also applies to any instances whereby the influence of the originating family through the Board, holding companies or the like is a factor. The entrepreneurial enterprise represents a business seeking opportunities to profit from and grow and as such they are constantly on this quest through new products, services and market nuances as they develop (Churchill et al, 1994, p. 17). This culture generates a continued cycle in terms of renewal and examination of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products, goods or services, and thus the firm is always seeking to further expand and guard against stagnation. The process of entrepreneurship represents the seizing and or creating of an opportunity and pursuing it without regard as to whether there are the need ed resources or processes on hand (Low et al, 1988, Pp 139-161). The popular conception of entrepreneurship entails the individual who begins a new venture and sees to its growth, eventually resulting in its merger or sale or public offering. Such examples are noted by Bill Gates of Microsoft, Sam Walton of Wal-Mart, and Phil Knight of Nike. The fact is that entrepreneurs have a significantly different vision, and methodology than non-entrepreneurs and is illustrated by a number of studies conducted by Sashkin (1987, Pp 19-28) as well as Westley et al (1989, Pp 17-32) which discerned that entrepreneurs have the following general attributes in common; Vision, which is connected to a strategic emphasis, Vision that entails the implementation of communications as well as successful integration, Adaptation that is proactive and reveals innovation as well as a flexible response to conditions, The ability to detail and formalize an approach, Being able to generalize difficult aspects and weave through the complexities to arrive at solutions, The focus of profit orientation that is concerned with achieving positive financial results, And the understanding that risk taking is an integral aspect The preceding are attributes that can be found in all sizes and manner of family business enterprises. Conclusion The suggestion that family business are not important to the study of entrepreneurship represents a broad, complex and sweeping context that seemingly is based in the vision that such enterprises are small, local and run or operated by a few family members. The view does not take into account the potential for future growth and success as provided by numerous business examples whereby such modest beginnings lead to greater things. The notion of limiting the field of reference with respect to the question does not take into account the creativity, innovativeness and ingenuity that is the human condition. Denton et al (1989, Pp 67-69) as well as Hornaday (1992, Pp 12 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 23) see entrepreneurs as risk takers who represent the driving force of new as well as established ventures regardless of their size or complexity. Given Schumpeterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (Carton et al, 1998) broad definition of entrepreneurship as later refined by Carton et al (1998) to mean a person that identifies an opportunity and then puts together the needed resources to bring that opportunity into business operation, discounting any segment that contributes to our understanding of the process might seemingly overlook an important context or contribution that furthers our understanding Bibliography Birkey, S. (1986). Succession in the family firm: The inheritorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view. Vol. 3, Issue 3. Journal of Small Business Management. Carter, Sara, Jones-Evans, Dylan (2000) Enterprise and Small Business. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0201398524 Carton, R.B, Hofer, C.W., Meeks, M.D. (1998). The Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship Operational Definitions of their Role in Society. https://www.sbaer.uca.edu/Research/1998/ICSB/k004.htm. Assessed 08-03-06 Churchill, N., Muzyka, D. (1994). 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